ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of drinking water-borne arsenic exposure on mammary gland development of female mice in early life.Methods:Healthy and sexually mature C57BL/6J mice were paired according to the female to male ratio of 2∶1. After confirmation of pregnancy, female mice were randomly divided into control (drinking double distilled water), low- (0.5 mg/L) and high- (5.0 mg/L) dose arsenic exposure groups, 10 mice in each group. The exposure time of arsenic in drinking water ranged from day 0 of pregnancy to day 28 after birth. At the end of arsenic exposure, female offspring (10 mice in each group) were sacrificed and mammary glands were dissected for whole tissue staining to evaluate the development of mammary glands and quantitative analysis of mammary gland development indexes. The expression of proliferating cell associated antigen Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:There were no significant differences in body weight and organ coefficients of liver, kidney and mammary glands between female offspring in low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups and control group ( F=1.018, 1.033, 1.764, 0.199, P > 0.05). Compared with control group, low- and high- dose arsenic exposure groups showed more terminal end buds (TEB) and ductal branches as well as stronger longitudinal growth ability in mammary gland morphological analysis. Quantitative analysis results showed that the numbers of TEB in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups (11.83 ± 4.40, 11.00 ± 3.74) were significantly higher than that in the control group (4.00 ± 1.83, P < 0.05). The ductal lengths in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups [(6.43 ± 1.08), (6.08 ± 1.74) mm] were also significantly longer than that in the control group [(3.71 ± 0.61) mm, P < 0.05]. The distance of leading edge of ducts to the midpoint of lymph nodes in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups [(0.58 ± 1.12), (- 0.02 ± 1.57) mm] was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(- 2.67 ± 0.87) mm, P < 0.05]. The mean maximum area of TEB in the low-dose arsenic exposure group [(0.04 ± 0.01) mm 2] was significantly larger than that in the control group [(0.02 ± 0.01) mm 2, P < 0.05]. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated strong staining of Ki67 within TEB in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups. Conclusion:Early life inorganic arsenic exposure promotes the development of TEB, ductal extension and cell proliferation within TEB in female mice, indicating that early life arsenic exposure alters mammary gland development.
ABSTRACT
Objective Through determination of selenium content in liver and urine of selenium-induced mice, direct sampling atomic fluorescence spectrometry was established to provide a more accurate and convenient determination method for detection of selenium-related biological samples. Methods Selenium in the sample was released by the electrically heated quartz tube,the selenium in the atomic state was captured by the quartz tube,and the selenium released by the heating quartz tube was carried by the argon-hydrogen mixed gas into the argon-argon flame atomic fluorescence detector for determination; standard curve was established based on selenium content and fluorescence area, and then the content of selenium in the sample was calculated. Results The detection limit of selenium in samples by direct sampling atomic fluorescence spectrometry was 0.28 μg/kg, the correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.999 3, and the relative standard deviation range was 1.82% - 4.19%. The adding standard recovery of the liver in mice was 87.30%- 100.20%; meanwhile the adding standard recovery of the urine in mice was 93.10% - 96.60%. Conclusions Direct sampling atomic fluorescence method is simple and easy to operate, accuracy and precision are better, the linear range is wide. The samples need not be processed by complex pretreatment,such as acid,etc.,elements loss is avoided and efficiency of detection is improved.The method can be used in a variety of samples for rapid detection of trace selenium.
ABSTRACT
Objective To conduct an epidemiological investigation on a case of familial arsenic poisoning in Yunnan Province,to find arsenic poisoning source and create a archive of typical cases,in order to raise awareness of endemic arsenicosis and provide scientific materials for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods In Xiaxiaoying Village of Yunnan Province,all members of a family with arsenic poisoning patients were investigated in 2013,their health examination and epidemiological survey of arsenic poisoning were carried out,and arsenic poisoning family profiles and personal files were established.Drinking water,hair and urine samples were collected for arsenic content determination,blood samples were collected for biochemical detection,excessively keratose skin was collected for pathological biopsy.Results A total of 33 family members were investigated.Among them 15 were exposed to arsenic and 18 were not exposed to arsenic.Fifteen people exposed to arsenic were found to be have skin lesions,and two eldest males died of skin cancer and cerebral hemorrhage in 1994 and 2009,respectively.The survey found out that 15 patients born in 1935-1983 had been drinking arsenic pesticides polluted well water for 5 to 16 years from 1973 to 1989.As of 2013,the arsenic exposure had been stopped for 24 years,the content of arsenic in the polluted wells was 0.624 mg/L,which was 62.4 times the recommended maximum limit (0.01 mg/L) of the World Health Organization.The median of hair and urinary arsenic in arsenic exposed population and non-arsenic exposed population was 4.2,3.7 mg/kg and 60.9,41.0 μg/L,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in hair arsenic (Z =-1.905,P ＞ 0.05),but the difference of urinary arsenic was statistically significant (Z =-3.002,P ＜ 0.05).The median of aspartate aminotransferase (AST),gammaglutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and 24 hours urinary ereatinine (Cr) in arsenic exposed population and non-arsenic exposed population was 37.5,31.0 U/L,25.5,12.0 U/L,13 834.0,and 6 843.0 μmol/L,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (Z =-2.776,-2.311,-2.502,P ＜ 0.05).Twelve cases of arsenic poisoned patients who were conducted health examination and epidemiological investigation showed typical triad of skin,among them 2 cases were moderate and 10 cases were severe.Pathological biopsy results showed 8 cases had basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions Drinking arsenical pesticide contaminated water can induce chronic arsenic poisoning,even after the cessation of arsenic exposure.We should pay close attention to its long-term serious harmful effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To confirm an alternative method for primary culture of osteoblasts through comparison of two primary culture methods. Methods Calvarias were dissected from newborn Kunming mice, osteoblasts were isolated with serum-containing collagenase digestion method and sequential digestion method respectively. The osteoblasts were observed under invert microscope, the growth curve was made with the application of MTT method, the rate of living osteoblasts was counted with trypan blue method respectively. Results Compared with the serum-containing collagenase digestion method, the sequential digestion method presented higher production of osteoblasts, higher cell survival rate (P
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether there is difference in arsenicals-induced DNA damage of human lymphocyte.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lymphocyte were sterilely collected from healthy donor and exposed to sodium arsenite (AsIII), sodium arsenate(AsV) and methyl sodium arsenate(MAsv) at 1,5,10,20 and 50 mumol/L. After incubation of 24 hours, cells were collected by centrifugation and DNA damage was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The comet frequency distribution of all groups except 1 mumol/L group of MAsV were significantly different from that of control. The comet length of all groups except 1 mumol/L group of AsV and 1.5 mumol/L groups of MAsV were significantly higher than that of control. There were correlations between the doses of arsenicals and the ratios of comet cell or length of comet(rAsIII = 0.8134, rAsV = 0.8734, rMAsV = 0.8994).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DNA damage in human lymphocyte were induced by all the three arsenicals. A dose-effect relationship was observed between exposure doses of the same arsenical and DNA damage. With different arsenicals but the same exposure dose, the DNA damage level was as follow: AsIII > AsV > MAsV.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Arsenates , Toxicity , Arsenites , Toxicity , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , LymphocytesABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of cellular glutathione (GSH) in relieving the cytotoxicity induced by arsenic on HaCaT. Methods The HaCaT cells were pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-buthionine-[S'R]-sulfoximine (BSO) for 24 h, then treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) by adding it into the medium for 24 h. Alarmarblue assay was used to detect the proliferation of the cells. Results The reduction rate of Alarmarblue increased when the HaCaT cells were treated with 0.001-10.000 ?mol/L of NaAsO2 alone (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the relationship between the concentration of total suspended particle (TSP) and cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality of urban residents in Fushun city, China. Methods The data of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality and TSP concentration from 1999 to 2003 in Fushun city were collected. The association between TSP concentrations and the mortality of cerebral-cardiovascular diseases was analyzed using Poisson regression model adjusted for seasons, long-term patterns and meteorological variations using an ecological parametric method. Results As the concentration of TSP increased by 50 ?g/m3, OR of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality increase was 1.015 42 (95%CI=1.000 18-1.030 89) in the male group and 1.022 40 (95%CI=1.004 87-1.040 23) in the aged male group respectively, as 4-days lag TSP concentration increased by 50 ?g/m3, OR of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality increase was 1.008 26 (95%CI=1.000 57-1.016 02) in the whole people, 1.016 27 (95%CI=1.006 71-1.025 93) in the male group and 1.016 65 (95%CI=1.005 25-1.028 19) in the aged male group respectively. Conclusion Air pollution by TSP is considered as a risk factor for the increase of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality in Fushun city, China.